一、名词的词类转化
(一)名词译成动词
英语中具有动作意义或动词转化而来的名词可转译成汉语动词。
1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的声音,令我特别神往。
2. It is man who plays the leading role in the application of electronic computers.
在使用电子计算机时,起主要作用的是人。
3. Coco is a good singer.
Coco歌唱得很好。
(二)名词译成形容词
1. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
2. That plane is a success.
那项计划是成功的。
(三)名词译成副词
1. It is our pleasure to note that China has made great progess in economy.
我们高兴地看到,中国的经济已经有了很大的发展。
二、动词的词类转化
动词译成名词
英语中有些动词的概念很难直接用汉语的动词来表达,这时可将这类动词转译成名词。
1. Neutrons act differently from protons.
中子的作用不同于质子。
2. He presonified the evil that was in the world.
他是世上一切邪恶的化身。
3. We can house you if the hotels are full.
如果旅馆都客满了,我们可以给你提供住处。
三、形容词的词类转化
(一)形容词译成名词
1. He was eloquent and elegant.
他有口才,有风度。
2. Ice is not as dense as water.
冰的密度比水小。
试比较:冰不如水稠密。
(二)形容词译成动词
可译成汉语动词的英语形容词大多是表达知觉、情感和欲望的形容词。
1. I am sure they will win the basketball game.
我相信他们将打赢这场篮球赛。
2. The couple is fond of modern music.
这对夫妇喜欢现代音乐。
3. When metals are cut, the shining surface is visible, but it turns grey almost immediately.
切割金属时,可以看到光亮的表面,但是立刻就变成了灰色。
试比较:切割金属时,光亮的表面是可见的,但是立刻就变成了灰色。
四、副词的词类转化
(一)副词译成名词
He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱,但智力正常。
(二)副词译成动词
可译成汉语动词的英语副词大多是跟随在系动词后作表语用的副词,以及复合宾语补足语用的副词。
1. The meeting was over and they all went home.
会议结束后,他们都回家了。
Open the door and let me in, please.
请开门让我进来。
I must be away, the time is up.
我该离开了,时间已经到了。
(三)副词译成形容词
On this question, people of different age groups think differently.
关于这个问题,不同年龄组的人有不同的想法。
The film impressed me deeply.
这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。
五、介词的词类转化
介词译成动词
可转译成汉语动词的英语介词一般以含有动作意义的介词为多。
1. She is against smoking and drinking.
她反对抽烟和喝酒。
2. You can't imagine how angry he was at the news.
你想像不出他听到这个消息时是多么生气。