Dumbledore lost his mind momentarily when he found Marvolo's ring, because that was the one Hallow he wanted the most. I don't think it is the effect of Riddle's Horcrux.
It is true that the Locket horcrux had negative impact on Trio's mind, because they were emotionally linked to it. Once they learnt the horrible influence horcrux had, they were able to shed off the effects.
